1. Text and Laboratory Manual:
- Microcomputer and Electronic Instrumentation: Making the Right Connection, a 464-page textbook by H.V. Malmstadt, C. G. Enke, and S.R. Crouch published by the American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1994.
- Experiment Manual: Laboratory Electronics for Scientists Hand On by H.V. Malmstadt, C. G. Enke, and S.R. Crouch published by the American Chemical Society,
Washington
,
DC
, 2nd Ed., 1994.
Call GWU Bookstore for Availability: 202-994-1439, 6873
2. Level:
Graduate and senior undergraduate students in any area of science may register. No electronics experience is necessary.
3. Class Schedule:
The hours are:
Lectures on M at 9-10:50 AM, Sam 311
Laboratory on W at 9:00-11:50 AM, Cor 406
4. Exams:
- Midterm (33.33%); first Monday, month of October
- Final (33.33%)
- Project and Active Participation in Class (33.33%); Computer Interfacing and Programming project due one week after the end of classes.
5. Office Hours:
Tuesday & Thursday 2 ‑ 3 PM or by appointment. For appointment, please call 202‑994‑6480, or see me in Samson 211 (Office) or Cor-310 & 309 (Research Laboratories), or send an Email to
montaser@gwu.edu
.
6. Expectations:
- Be on time and read and re-read a minimum of one chapter/week.
- If you do not come to any exams due to an illness, you must bring a note from your physician.
- To get an A grade in this course, you must: 1) read the relevant chapters before coming to class; 2) take good notes during the lectures; 3) read the related chapter right after the lecture; and 4) demonstrate the results of your experiments and project.
- Students are strongly encouraged to watch the two video tapes (see the instructor) related to the topics covered in this course.
- The Instructor welcomes all bright ideas for improving the quality of this course.
7. Tentative Course Contents: 10 Chapters: Read a minimum of one chapter/week.
Chapter 1: Connecting to the New Wave of Microcomputer Instrumentation, 1
1-1 Joining the Microcomputer Age, 1
1-2 Working with Digital Data, 7
1-3 Making the Computer"Intelligent", 14
1-4 Using the Microcomputer in Science and Technology, 18
Chapter 2: Converting and Acquiring Data in Scientific Instrumentation, 23
2-1 Sensing Digitally, 23
2-2 A Closer Look at Analog Data Encoding, 28
2-3 Converting between Analog and Digital Encoding, 34
2-4 Measuring Time, 39
2-5 Using the Laboratory Interfaced Microcomputer, 46
Chapter 3: Understanding and Measuring Analog Signals, 57
3-1 Starting with the Basics, 58
3-2 Measuring Analog Electrical Quantities, 62
3-3 Assessing Errors in Analog Data Measurement and Transfer, 69
3-4 Using the Oscilloscope To Observe Signals, 72
Chapter 4: Supplying Power to Instruments and Computers, 85
4-1 Characterizing Power Supplies, 85
4-2 Supplying Power with Batteries, 87
4-3 Regulating dc Voltages (dc to dc Conversion), 90
4-4 Converting Voltages from ac to dc, 97
4-5 Isolating and Changing ac Voltages, 103
4-6 Inverting Voltages from dc to ac, 108
4-7 Protecting Instruments and Their Power Supplies, 110
4-8 Regulating dc Current, 117
4-9 Converting Light into Electrical Power, 118
Chapter 5: Manipulating Analog Data with Operational Amplifiers and Servo Systems, 121
5-1 Controlling and Measuring Analog Quantities, 121
5-2 Comparing Analog Signal Levels by Using Operational Amplifiers, 125
5-3 Creating Ideal Voltage Sources, 130
5-4 Processing Analog Signals with Operational Amplifier Current Followers, 133
5-5 Adding and Subtracting Currents and Voltages, 141
5-6 Integrating and Differentiating Analog Signals, 144
Chapter 6: Thinking Digital: Logic Gates, Flip Flops, and Counters, 151
6-1 Implementing Basic Logic with Digital Gates, 151
6-2 Comparing Digital Data, 161
6-3 Selecting/Multiplexing Digital Data, 165
6-4 Decoding Binary Data, 166
6-5 Connecting Gates to the Computer Bus,171
6-6 Storing Digital Data in Flip Flops, 175
6-7 Encoding and Storing Digital Data in Registers, 180
6-8 Shifting Digital Data in Registers, 185
6-9 Connecting Input/Output (I/O) Devices to the CPU Bus, 187
6-10 Measuring Analog Data by Digitization and Counting, 188
Chapter 7: Generating, Switching, and Processing Analog Signals, 191
7-1 Generating Waveforms, 191
7-2 Amplifying Analog Signals with Operational Amplifier Circuits, 200
7-3 Limiting Bandwidth with Active Filters, 219
7-4 Examining Nonideality of Operational Amplifier Circuits, 228
7-5 Digital to Analog Conversion, 235
Chapter 8: Sensing and Controlling in Automation and Robotics, 241
8-1 Controlling Physical and Chemical Quantities, 241
8-2 Transducer Principles, 243
8-3 Energy Conversion Transducers, 246
8-4 Resistive, Capacitive, and Inductive Transducers, 255
8-5 Limiting Current Transducers, 262
8-6 Output Transducers, 267
8-7 Automatic Control Systems, 282
8-8 Laboratory Robotics, 293
Chapter 9: Getting the Most from Real World Signals, 299
9-1 Optimizing Data Acquisition, 299
9-2 Enhancing Signal to Noise Ratio by Bandwidth Reduction, 309
9-3 Enhancing Signal to Noise Ratio by Correlation Techniques, 317
9-4 Measuring the Rate of Events, 325
Chapter 10: Troubleshooting Your Instruments, 329
10-1 Understanding the Process, 329
10-2 Following the Data Flow, 333
10-3 Fixing it Yourself, 338
10-4 Making the Right Connections, 349
Highly-Recommended Additional
Reading
Read Supplement 1: Generating and Controlling Analog Electrical Quantities, 351
S1-1 Electrical Quantities, 351
S1-2 Series dc Circuits, 357
S1-3 Ground and Circuit Common, 360
Read Supplement 2: Describing Waveforms and Reactive Circuits, 363
S2-1 Sine Wave Signals, 363
S2-2 ac Signals, 364
S2-3 Measures of Periodic Signal Amplitude, 367
S2-4 Reactive Circuits, 369
Read Supplement 3: Understanding Diodes, Transistors, and Other
Solid
State
Devices, 381
S3-1 Bipolar Devices, 381
S3-2 Field Effect Transistor (FET) Devices, 386
S3-3 Analog Switches, 389
S3-4 Power Control Switches, 391
S3-5 Transistor Amplifiers, 394
S3-6 The Operational Amplifier (OP Amp), 399
Read Appendix A: Grounding and Shielding, 401
A-1 Grounding, 401
A-2 Shielding, 405
A-3 Isolation, 407
A-4 Radio Frequency (RF) Shielding, 408
A-5 Guarding, 408
Read Appendix B: Components, 411
B-1 Resistors, 411
B-2 Conductors, 419
B-3 Capacitors, 422
B-4 Inductors and Transformers, 430
Read Appendix C: Digital Data Transmission, 433
C-1 Transmission Lines, 433
C-2 Line Drivers and Receivers, 435
C-3 Serial Communication Standards, 436
8. TENTATIVE LIST OF 12 EXPERIMENTS:
Conduct and re-conduct a minimum of one experiment/week.
SECTION A DIGITAL MEASUREMENT, 1
Encoding, decoding and displaying information.
A-1 Thermistor Temperature measurement with Digital Multimeter
A-2 Light Measurement with a Photodiode
A-3 Continuity Testing of a Breadboard with the Digital Ohmmeter
SECTION B ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE, CURRENT, VOLTAGE, AND CHARGE, 7
Understanding and measuring analog quantities.
B-1 Resistor Identification and Measurement
B-2 Series Circuits
B-3 Voltage Sources and Loading
B-4 Current measurements and Sources
B-5 Thermistor with constant Current Source
SECTION C REGULATED POWER SUPPLIES, 19
Supplying power for instruments.
C-1 Breadboarding the +5 V and 5 V Regulators
C-2 Testing the Regulators
C-3 Permanent Mounting of Regulators
SECTION D COMPARATORS AND VOLTAGE FOLLOWERS, 24
Using Op Amps as servo comparator and voltage followers.
D-1 The Voltage Comparator
D-2 Voltage Follower
D-3 Follower with Gain
SECTION E CURRENT FOLLOWER AND SUMMING AMPLIFIER, 30
Transforming and processing analog data with OP Amps.
E-1 Current Follower
E-2 Current Summing
E-3 Op Amp Inverting Amplifier
E-4 Voltage Summing Amplifier
SECTION F DIGITAL LOGIC GATES, 36
Thinking digital with logic gates and truth tables.
F-1 Connection of Logic Gates and Indicator Circuits
F-2 The AND Logic Gate and TTL Logic Levels
F-3 The OR Gate
F-4 NAND Gate
F-5 Exclusive OR Gate
F-6 Equality Gate and Inverter
SECTION G FLIP FLOP AND REGISTERS, 42
Storing and shifting digital data in flip-flops.
G-1 Connection of IC's and Completion of Logic level Indicator
G-2 Flip Flops
G-3 Shift Registers
SECTION H SWITCHING, RC CIRCUITS, AND MULTIVIBRATORS, 49
Generating and switching electrical signals.
H-1 Timing in RC Circuits
H-2 Sample and Hold
H-3 An RC Time Delay Circuit
H-4 RC Oscillator
SECTION I DECADE COUNTER, 56
Measuring using electronic counting.
I-1 Up/Down Counting
I-2 Counter Gate and Preset
SECTION J DIGITAL TO ANALOG AND ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS, 61
Converting data from digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital.
J-1 Digital to analog converter
J-2 Analog to digital converter
SECTION K FAMILIARIZATION WITH THE OSCILLOSCOPE, 65
Experiments under this section must be conducted by all students
SECTION L INDEPENDENT PROJECT IN COMPUTER INTERFACING AND PROGRAMMING
L 1 Selection of Project
Note: You must finalize this selection (in consultation with the course instructor) one week after the midterm exam.
L 2 Project Report and Demonstration
Note: You must hand in a typed written report one week after the end of classes. Projects should be demonstrated before the final exams.
OTHER IMPORTANT NOTES: To perform these experiments you will need the following:
- Experimenter's Kit, located in Cor 406.
- 3 1/2 digit digital multimeter.
- Screwdriver.
- Needlenose pliers.
- Function generator.
- Oscilloscope.
ADDITIONAL
READING
Supplement 1: Controlling and Measuring with Servo Systems, 83
Supplement 2: Troubleshooting Electronic Instrumentation, 85
