History 295 Syllabus

This course is a graduate readings seminar on the history of late imperial China, with particular focus on the last century of the Qing dynasty leading up to the 1911 Revolution.

The course is organized around a number of inter-related goals:

First to gain familiarity with the major scholarly works written in English on the history of China's late imperial period.
Second, to discuss the key historical issues and debates surrounding this period of Chinese history as informed by these works.
Third, to understand the extent to which issues and problems in China today are related to its historical experience.
Third, to understand the extent to which issues and problems in China today are related to its historical experience.
Fourth, to develop a greater and more general appreciation for the complexity and meaning of history
Fifth, to develop oral and written analytical skills through the practice of historical argumentation.

Course Requirements

1. Preparation of all weekly reading assignments and participation in class discussions. (Informed participation in class discussions will be taken into consideration in grading).

2. Leading one or more class discussions. Those whose turn it is to lead a discussion should prepare a list of discussion questions to be distributed at the beginning of the class (or in advance, by email, if possible).

3. Three analytical papers. Papers should address a specific issue raised by class discussions or readings (in one or more classes), and include a critical analysis of relevant course readings. Examples of good papers from previous classes will be available for reference on the Prometheus system. Papers are due on October 9, November 6, and December 4. Some flexibility on these dates may be possible with advance permission from the instructor. Each paper should be about 10 pages long (double-spaced with sensible fonts and margins). One rewrite will permitted for the first two papers. Absence from more than one class must be made up by an additional paper discussing an issue or issues raised by the readings for the missed class.

Discussions will be based on the works listed as "Discussion Readings." Specific sections to be read are noted at the end of each citation. It is, however, always advisable to skim each work in its entirety to understand the author's overall organization and the structure of his/her argument. "Additional References" are provided for those who intend to take a comprehensive examination in Chinese history, or who simply wish to do further reading in specific topics. These additional readings are not required for discussions, but may be used in papers. All "Discussion Readings" books have been placed on reserve at the Reserve Desk on the first floor of the Gelman Library (call numbers are provided). All these materials have been placed on two-hour/over-night reserve. Some books assigned for specific sessions in this course are available for purchase--but are not available in the University book store. Assigned readings from periodicals or journals articles can be found in the stacks of the periodical section of the Gelman Library (3rd floor) and may not be checked out of the library. Some journals may only be available in the European, Russian, and Eurasian Information Center, and may only be used in the Center itself (6th floor of Gelman). The location of each article is noted in brackets at the end of each citation. [GL = Gelman Library 3rd floor, IC = Information Center].

Some assigned book chapters and most periodical articles are also available on "e-reserves" through the Prometheus system, so they can be read online. Not all readings are included on e-reserves because copyright restrictions do not allow placing more than one article from any one journal volume or more than one chapter from any one book online. Prometheus is a password protected system, and readings for this class on Prometheus are only available to students in the class. Please refer to the Prometheus information sheet provided on how to gain access to this system. Items placed on "e-reserves" are noted with the designation of "ER." (Prometheus Address: http://prometheus.gwu.edu).

Depending on your background in Chinese history, you may want to review the period under discussion in more detailed standard textbooks as the class proceeds. Several good texts for this purpose would be:

Immanuel C.Y Hsu, The Rise of Modern China (Oxford University Press)

This is probably the most detailed and useful English language text for general reference.

This book has gone through numerous editions, with greater detail on contemporary events provided in the most recent additions. For the purposes of this class, any edition would be suitable.

Jonathan D. Spence, The Search for Modern China (W.W. Norton).

John K. Fairbank, China: A New History (Harvard University Press).

Class Schedule

1. Sept. 4 Introduction to Class

2. Sept. 11 Late Imperial Government: The Qing State

Discussion Readings:

Ch'u, T'ung-tsu Local Government in China under the Ch'ing (Stanford, 1962). [pp. xi-35, 193-199].
GLR: JS 7352 .A3 C5 1988
Watt, John The District Magistrate in Late Imperial China (Columbia, 1972). [pp. 1-22, 78-98, 225-233].
GLR: JS 7353 .A8 W35 1972
ER: Intro. & Concl. [pp. 1-9, 225-233]
Huang, Pei Autocracy at Work: A Study of the Yung-cheng Period, 1723-1735 (Indiana, 1974). [pp. 3-23, 136-161].
GLR: DS 754.2 .H78
Copy of selections also in HD; ER: Ch. 1 [pp. 3-23]
Wu, Silas Communication and Imperial Control in China: Evolution of the Palace Memorial system 1693-1735 (Harvard, 1970). [pp. 1-8, 27-31, 66-123].
GLR: JQ 1511 .W9
ER: Ch. 9 [pp. 107-123]
Barlett, Beatrice S. Monarchs and Ministers: The Grand Council in Mid-Ch'ing China (1783-1820). [pp. 1-31, 46-55, 64-68, 87-90, 101, 120-125, 128, 133-143, 166-173, 184-190, 198-199, 231-232, 257-278].
GLR: JQ 1508 .B37 1991
ER: Prologue & Epilogue [pp. 1-11, 257-278].
Rawski, Evelyn The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions (California, 1998). [pp. 197-230].
GLR: DS754 .R38 1998
ER: Ch. 6 [pp. 197-230].
Elliott, Mark The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China (Stanford 2001). [pp. 1-35, 345-361].
GLR: DS731.M35 E55 2001
ER: Intro. & Concl. [pp. 1-35, 345-361]

Additional References:

Hsiao, Kung-chuan Rural China: Imperial Control in the 19th Century (Washington, 1960).
Zelin, Madeline The Magistrate's Tael: Rationalizing Fiscal Reform in Eighteenth Century Ch'ing China (California, 1984).
Guy, R. Kent The Emperor's Four Treasuries: Scholars and the State in the Late Ch'ien-lung Era (Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard, 1987).
Kuhn, Philip Soulstealers: The Chinese Sorcery Scare of 1768 (Harvard, 1990).
Reed, Bradly Talons and Teeth : County Clerks and Runners in the Qing Dynasty (Stanford, 2000)
Crossley, Pamela A Translucent Mirror : History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology (California, 1999)

3. Sept. 18 Late Imperial Society: The Structure of Elite Power

Discussion Readings:

Ch'u, T'ung-tsu Local Government in China under the Ch'ing (Stanford, 1962). [pp. 168-192].
GLR: JS 7352 .A3 C5 1988
ER: Ch. 10 [pp. 168-192]
Chang, Chung-li The Chinese Gentry: Studies on their Role in 19th C. Chinese Society (Washington, 1955). [pp. xiii-xxi, 1-8, , 137-141, 165-188, 197-202].
GLR: HN 673 .C5
ER: Part 1 [pp. 3-70]
Chang, Chung-li The Income of the Chinese Gentry (1962). [pp. v-73, 105-109, 125-198].
GLR: HC 430 .I5 C47
ER: Ch. 2 [pp. 43-70]
Ho Pingti The Ladder of Success in Imperial China: Aspects of Social Mobility, 1368-1911 (Columbia, 1962). [pp. xi-72, 92-125, 165-167, 255-266].
GLR: HN 673 .H58
ER: Ch. 7 [pp. 255-266]
Esherick, Joseph, ed. (with Mary Rankin) Chinese Local Elites and Patterns of Dominance (California, 1990) [Introduction and conclusion: pp. 1-24, 305-345].
GLR: HN 740 .Z9 E426 1990
ER: Intro. & Concl. [pp. 1-24, 305-345].
Brook, Timothy "Family Continuity and Cultural Hegemony: The Gentry of Ningbo, 1368-1911," in Esherick and Rankin, Chinese Local Elites. [pp. 27-50].
GLR: HN 740 .Z9 E426 1990
ER: entire (pp. 27-50)
McCord, Edward A. "Local Military Power and Elite Formation: The Liu Family of Xingyi County, Guizhou," in Esherick and Rankin, Chinese Local Elites. [pp. 162-188]
GLR: HN 740 .Z9 E426 1990
ER: entire (pp. 162-188)

Additional References:

Miyazaki, Ichizada China's Examination Hell: The Civil Service Examinations of Imperial China (Yale, 1981).
Mann, Susan Local Merchants and the Chinese Bureaucracy, 1750-1950 (Stanford, 1987).

4. Sept. 25 Late Imperial Society: Women

Discussion Readings:

Johnson, Kay Ann Women, the Family and Peasant Revolution in China (Chicago, 1983). [pp. 7-26].
GLR: HQ 1767 .J63 1983
ER: Ch. 1 [pp. 7-26].
Mann, Susan "Widows in the Kinship, Class, and Community Structures of Qing Dynasty China," in Journal of Asian Studies (Feb. 1987). [pp. 37-56].
GLP; also in IC; copy also in HD
Ng, Vivien W. "Ideology and Sexuality: Rape Laws in Qing China," in Journal of Asian Studies (Feb. 1987). [pp. 57-70].
GLP; also in IC; copy also in HD; ER: entire [pp. 57-70].
Sommer, Matthew H. Sex, Law, and Society in Late Imperial China (Stanford, 2000). [pp. 1-17, 66-77, 84-101, 111-126, 138-149, 162-165, 255-272, 302-328].
GLR: KNQ4200 .S65 2000
ER: Ch. 3 [pp. 66-113]. (?)
Ko, Dorothy Teachers of the Inner Chamber: Women and Culture in 17th Century China (Stanford, 1994). [pp. 1-26, 117-134, 142-157, 169-176].
GLR: HQ 1767 .K6 1994
ER: Intro. & Ch. 3 [pp. 1-26, 115-142].
Topley, Marjorie "Marriage Resistance in Rural Kwangtung," in Margery Wolf and Roxanne Witke, eds., Women in Chinese Society (Stanford, 1975). [pp. 67-88].
GLR: HQ 1737 .W65; copy also in HD; ER: entire [pp. 67-88].
Stockard, Janice Daughters of the Canton Delta: Marriage Patterns and Economic Strategies in South China, 1860-1930 (Stanford, 1989). [pp. 1-51, 70-71, 90-93, 102-175].
GLR: HQ 684 .A37 1989
ER: Ch. 1 & Concl. [pp. 1-30, 167-175].

Additional References:

Kazuko Ono Chinese Women in a Century of Revolution, 1850-1950 (Stanford, 1989).
Levy, Howard Chinese Footbinding: The History of a Curious Erotic Custom (Walton Rawls, 1966).

5. Oct. 2 Religious Sects, Secret Societies, and Peasant Rebellion

Discussion Readings:

Chan, Hok-lam "The White Lotus-Maitreya Doctrine and Popular Uprisings in Ming and Ch'ing China," in Synologica, 1969 (vol. 10, no. 4). [pp. 211-226].
Copy in HD (not available in GLP) ; ER: entire [pp. 211-226]
Murray, Dian The Origins of the Tiandihui: The Chinese Triads in Legend and History (Stanford, 1993). [pp. vi-40, 81-115, 151-180].
GLR: HS 310 .Z6 H8643 1994
ER: Ch. 1 [pp. 3-37].
Overmyer, Daniel Folk Buddhist Religion: Dissenting Sects in Late Traditional China (Harvard, 1976). [pp. vii-52, 162-203].
GLR: BQ 628 .09 1976
ER: Ch. 3 [pp. 12-52].
Ownby, David Brotherhoods and Secret Societies in Early and Mid-Qing China (Stanford, 1996). [pp. 1-28, 126-148, 179-183].
GLR: HS 310 .O86 1996
ER: Intro. & Ch. 4 [pp. 1-28, 105-144].
Harrell, Stevan (with Elizabeth Perry), "Syncretic Sects in Chinese Society: An Introduction," in Modern China (July 1982). [pp. 283-303].
IC; copy also in HD; ER: entire [pp. 283-303]
Naquin, Susan Shantung Rebellion: The Wang Lun Uprising of 1774 (Yale, 1981). [pp. xi-xvii, 139-164]
GLR: DS 793 .S4 N36
ER: Intro. & Concl. [pp. xi-xvii, 148-164].

Additional References:

Chesneaux, Jean Popular Movements and Secret Societies in China, 1840-1950 (Stanford, 1972).
Naquin, Susan Millenarian Rebellion in China: The Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813 (Yale, 1976).
Cai Shaoqing "On the Origin of the Gelaohui," in Modern China (October 1984).

6. Oct. 9 Encounters with the West and the "Tribute System"

FIRST PAPER DUE

Discussion Readings:

Ch'ien-lung Emperor "A Decree," in Franz Schurman and Orville Schell, eds., Imperial China (Vintage Books, 1967), pp. 104-113.
ER only: [pp. 104-113].
Fairbank, John K. Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast: The Opening of the Treaty Ports, 1842-1854 (Harvard, 1953). [pp. 3-53].
GLR: HF 3776 .F3
ER: Ch. 1 [pp. 1-22].
Mancall, Mark "The Ch'ing Tribute System: An Interpretive Essay," in John King Fairbank, ed., The Chinese World Order: Traditional China's Foreign Relations (Harvard, 1968). [pp. 63-89].
GLR: DS 740.4 .C35455; copy also in HD
ER: entire [pp. 63-89]
Waley-Cohen, Joanna "China and Western Technology in the Late 18th Century," in the American Historical Review (December 1993). [pp. 1525-1544].
GLP; copy also in HD; ER: entire [pp. 1525-1544].
Hevia, James L. Cherishing Men From Afar: Qing Guest Ritual and the Macartney Embassy of 1793 (Duke, 1995). [Entire].
GLR: DS 740.5 .G5 H48 1995
ER: Ch. 1 [pp. 1-28].

7. Oct. 16 Conflict with the West: the Opium War

Discussion Readings:

Fairbank, John K. Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast: The Opening of the Treaty Ports, 1842-1854 (Harvard, 1953). [pp. 57-103].
GLR: HF 3776 .F3
Basu, Dilip K. "The Opium War and the Opening of China: A Historiographical Note," in Ch'ing-shih wen-t'i (December 1977). [pp. 2-16].
IC; copy also in HD
Fay, Peter Ward "Was the Opium War of 1840-42 a Just War?", in Ch'ing-shih wen-t'i (December 1977). [pp. 17-31].
IC; copy also in HD; ER: entire [pp. 17-31].
Tan Chung "Interpretations of the Opium War (1840-1842): A Critical Appraisal," in Ch'ing-shih wen-t'i (December 1977). [pp. 32-46].
IC; copy also in HD; ER: [pp. 32-46].
Wong, J.Y. Deadly Dreams: Opium and the Arrow War (1856-1860) in China (Cambridge 1998) [pp. 1-40, 457-486].
GLR: DS760 .W87 1998
ER: Ch. 1 [pp. 1-40].
Polachek, James M. The Inner Opium War (Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard, 1992). [pp. 1-50, 63-83, 95-185, 194-200, 205-209, 237-254, 273-287].
GLR: DS 757.55 .P65 1993
ER: Intro. & Ch. 8 [pp. 1-16, 273-287].
Fairbank, John K. "Synarchy Under the Treaties," in John K. Fairbank, ed., Chinese Thought and Institutions (Chicago, 1957). [pp. 204-231].
GLR: DS 721 .F26
Copy also in HD; ER: entire [pp. 204-231].

Additional References:

Chang Hsin-pao Commissioner Lin and the Opium War (Norton, 1964).
Greenberg, Michael British Trade and the Opening of China 1800-1842 (Cambridge, 1951).
Waley, Arthur The Opium War through Chinese Eyes (Stanford, 1958).
Wakeman, Frederic, Jr. Strangers at the Gate: Social Disorder in South China, 1839-1861 (California, 1966).

8. Oct. 23 The Taiping Rebellion and its Social Effects

Discussion Readings:

Michael, Franz (with Chang Chung-li) The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents (3 Vol.; Washington, 1966). [pp. 1-50, 189-199].
GLR: DS 759 .M57 vol. 1
ER: Part 1 & Evaluation [pp. 21-50, 189-199].
Shih, Vincent C. Y. The Taiping Ideology: Its Sources, Interpretations and Influences (Washington, 1967). [pp. ix-xix, (scan 3-104, 143-328), 427-498].
GLR: DS 759 .S48
ER: Intro. & Concl. [pp. ix-xix, 469-498].
Bernhardt, Kathryn "Elite and Peasant During the Taiping Occupation of the Jiangnan, 1860-1864," in Modern China (Oct. 1987). [pp. 379-410].
IC; copy also in HD
ER: [pp. 379-410].
Jen, Yu-wen (Library lists as Chien Yu-wen) The Taiping Revolutionary Movement (Yale, 1973). [1-9, 136-166].
GLR: DS 759 .C4148
ER: Ch. 1 [pp. 1-9].
Kuhn, Philip Rebellion and Its Enemies in Late Imperial China: Militarization and Social Structure, l796-l864 (Harvard, 1970). [pp. 37-117, 135-152, 165-225].
GLR: DS 755. K77
ER: Ch. VI [pp. 189-225]
"Preface to Paperback Edition" (Harvard, 1980). [pp. iii-ix].
Copy in HD; ER: Preface [pp. Iii-xi]
McCord, Edward A. "Militia and Local Militarization in Late Qing and Early Republican China: The Case of Hunan," in Modern China (April 1988). [pp. 156-187].
IC; copy also in HD; ER: entire [pp. 156-187].
Bernhardt, Kathryn Rents, Taxes, and Peasant Resistance: The Lower Yangzi Region, 1840-1950 (Stanford, 1992). [pp. 117-160].
GLR: DS 755 .B47 1992
ER: Ch. 4 [pp. 117-160].

Additional References:

Gregory, J.S. Great Britain and the Taipings (Praeger, 1969).
Wagner, Rudolf Reenacting the Heavenly Vision: The Role of Religion in Taiping Rebellion (Institute of East Asian Studies, California, 1982).
Chu, Wen-djang The Moslem Rebellion in Northwest China, 1862-1878: A Study of Government Minority Policy (Mouton, 1966).
Teng Ssu-yu The Nien Army and Their Guerrilla Warfare, 1851-1868 (Mouton, 1961).

9. Oct. 30 Self-Strenthening and the Problem of Regionalism

Discussion Readings:

Wright, Mary C. The Last Stand of Chinese Conservatism: The T'ung-chih Restoration, 1863-1874 (Stanford, 1969). [1-20, 43-95, 125-250, 300-312].
GLR: DS 762 .W7
ER: Ch. 12 [pp. 300-312]
Michael, Franz "Regionalism in Nineteenth Century China," in Stanley Spector, Li Hung-chang and the Huai Army (Washington, 1964). [pp. xxi-xliii]
GLR: DS 760.9 .L49 S6 1964
ER: entire [pp. xxi-xliii]
Spector, Stanley Li Hung-chang and the Huai Army: A Study in 19th Century Chinese Regionalism (Washington, 1964). [1-16, 38-45, 51-74, 82-91, 101, 112-117, 128-143, 152-199, 227-228, 247-265, 270-278, 287, 297-300, 315-320].
GLR: DS 760.9 .L49 S6 1964
Liu, Kwang-ching "Li Hung-chang in Chihli: the Emergence of a Policy, 1870-1875," in Feuerwerker, Murphey, and Wright, eds. , to Modern Chinese History (California, 1967). [pp. 68-104].
GLR: DS 754 .F4
Also in: Samuel Chu and Kwang-ching Liu, eds., Li Hung-chang and China's Early Modernization (M.E. Sharpe, 1994). [pp. 49-75].
GLR: DS 761.2 .L5 1994
ER: [pp. 49-75].
Liu, Kwang-ching "The Limits of Regional Power in the Late Ch'ing Period: A Reappraisal," in The Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies, New Series, (July 1974). [pp. 207-223].
HD (not available in GLP); ER: entire [pp. 207-223].
Bays, Daniel "The Nature of Provincial Political Authority in Late Ch'ing Times: Chang Chih-tung in Canton, 1884-1889," in Modern Asian Studies (Oct. 1970). [pp. 325-347].
GLP: copy also in HD; ER: entire [pp. 325-347].
Rawlinson, John "China's Failure to Coordinate Her Modern Fleets in the Late Nineteenth Century," in Feuerwerker, Murphey, and Wright, eds., Approaches to Modern Chinese History (California, 1967). [pp.105-132].
GLR: DS 754 .F4
Copy also in HD; ER: entire [pp. 105-132].

Additional References:

Hsu, Immanuel The Ili Crisis: A Study of Sino-Russian Diplomacy, 1871-1881 (Oxford, 1965).
Meng Ssu-ming The Tsungli Yamen: Its Organization and Functions (Harvard, 1962).
Eastman, Lloyd Throne and Mandarins: China's Search for a Policy during the Sino-French Controversy, 1880-1885 (Harvard, 1967).
Kennedy, Thomas The Arms of Kiangnan: Modernization in the Chinese Ordnance Industry, 1860-1895 (Westview, 1978).
Rawlinson, John China's Struggle for Naval Development, 1839-1895 (Harvard, 1967).

10. Nov. 6 Imperialism and the Problem of China's China's Development

SECOND PAPER DUE

Discussion Readings:

Nathan, Andrew "Imperialism's Effects on China," in Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars (Nov.-Dec. 1972). [pp. 3-7].
Copy in HD (not available in GLP)
ER: entire [pp. 3-7].
Esherick, Joseph "Harvard on China: The Apologetics of Imperialism," in Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars (Nov.-Dec. 1972). [pp. 9-15].
Copy in HD only
Feuerwerker, Albert China's Early Industrialization: Sheng Hsuan-Huai and Mandarin Enterprise (Harvard, 1958). [pp. 1-57, 177-188, 242-251].
GLR: HC 427.7 .F4
ER: Ch. 7 [pp. 242-251].
Hou, Chi-ming Foreign Investment and Economic Development in China, 1840-1937 (Harvard, 1965). [pp. 1-6, 91-96, 122-222].
GLR: HG 5722 .H6
ER: Intro. & Concl [pp. 1-6, 211-222].
Feuerwerker, Albert "Handicraft and Manufactured Cotton Textiles in China, 1871-1910," in Journal of Economic History (June 1970). [pp. 338-378].
GLP: copy also in HD; ER: [pp. 338-378].
Murphey, Rhoads "The Treaty Ports and China's Modernization," in Mark Elvin and G. William Skinner, eds., The Chinese City Between Worlds (Stanford 1974).
GLR: HT 147 .C48 C43
ER: entire
Also published as: The Treaty Ports and China's Modernization: What Went Wrong? (Center for Chinese Studies, Univ. of Michigan, 1970).
GLR: HF 3776 .M8
Cohen, Paul Discovering History in China: American Historical Writing on the Recent Chinese Past (Studies of the East Asian Institute, Columbia Univ., 1984). [Ch.3: Imperialism: Reality or Myth?", pp. 97-147].
GLR: DS 755 .C63 1984
ER: Ch. 3 [pp. 97-147].

Additional References:

Cochran, Sherman Big Business in China: Sino-Foreign Rivalry in the Cigarette Industry, 1890-1930 (Harvard, 1980).
Hu Sheng Imperialism and Chinese Politics (Beijing: For. Lang. Press, 1981).
Hao Yen-p'ing The Comprador in 19th Century China: Bridge between East and West (Harvard, 1970).
Eng, Robert Economic Imperialism in China: Silk Production and Exports, 1861-1932 (Institute of East Asian Studies, California, 1986).
Murphey, Rhoads The Outsiders: The Western Experience in India and Japan (Michigan, 1977).
Lippit, Victor D. "The Development of Underdevelopment in China," in Modern China (July 1978).

11. Nov. 13 Anti-Foreignism and the Boxer Uprising

Discussion Readings:

Cohen, Paul A. China and Christianity: The Missionary Movement and the Growth of Chinese Anti-Foreignism, 1860-1870 (Harvard, 1963). [pp. 1-60, 77-148, 262-273].
GLR: DS 762 .C6
ER: Ch. 10 [pp. 262-273].
Esherick, Joseph The Origins of the Boxer Uprising (California, 1987). [pp. xiii-xix, 38-95, 136-166, 206-240, 315-331].
GLR: DS 771 .E73 1987
ER: Preface & Epilogue [pp. xiii-xix, 315-331].
Cohen, Paul A. "The Contested Past: The Boxers as History and Myth," in Journal of Asian Studies (February 1992), pp. 82-108.
GLP; also in IC; copy in HD; ER: entire [pp. 82-108]

Additional References:

Cohen, Paul A. History in Three Keys: The Boxers as Event, Experience, and Myth (Columbia, 1997).
Elliott, Jane E. Some Did it for Civilisation, Some Did It for Country: A Revised View of the Boxer War (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 2002).
Wehrle, Edmund S. Britain, China and the Anti-Missionary Riots, 1891-1900 (Minnesota, 1966).
Buck, David D. Recent Chinese Studies of the Boxer Movement (M. E. Sharpe, 1987).
Schrecker, John Imperialism and Chinese Nationalism: Germany in Shantung (Harvard, 1971).

12. Nov. 20 Late Qing Reform Movement: Intellectual Transition

Discussion Readings:

Hsiao Kung-ch'uan A Modern China and A New World: K'ang Yu-wei, Reformer and Utopian, 1858-1927 (Washington, 1975). [pp. 41-96].
GLR: DS 763 .K3 H75
ER: Ch. 3 [pp. 41-96].
Chang, Hao Chinese Intellectuals in Crisis: Search for Order and Meaning 1890-1911 (California, 1987). [pp. 1-37, 46-65].
GLR: DS 754.14 .C48 1987
ER: Ch. 1 [pp. 1-20].
Schrecker, John E. "The Reform Movement of 1898 and the Ch'ing-i Reform as Opposition," in Paul Cohen and John Schrecker, eds., Reform in Nineteenth Century China (Harvard, 1976). [pp. 289-305].
GLR: DS 702 .R43; copy also in HD.
ER: entire [pp. 289-305].
Chung, Sue Fawn "The Image of the Empress Dowager Tz'u-hsi," in Paul Cohen and John Schrecker, eds., Reform in Nineteenth Century China (Harvard, 1976). [pp. 101-110].
GLR: DS 702 .R43
Copy also in HD
Kwong, Luke S. K. A Mosaic of the Hundred Days: Personalities, Politics, and Ideas of 1898 (Council for East Asian Studies, Harvard, 1984). [pp. 1-13, 151-237].
GLR: DS 768 .K96 1984
ER: Ch. 1 [pp. 1-13].
Wong, Young-tsu "Revisionism Reconsidered: Kang Youwei and the Reform Movement of 1898," in Journal of Asian Studies (Aug. 1992). [pp. 513-544].
GLP; also in IC; copy also in HD; ER: entire [pp. 513-544].
Chang, Hao Liang Ch'i-ch'ao and Intellectual Transition in China (Harvard, 1971). [pp. 1-6, 73-120, 149-271, 296-307].
GLR: DS 763 .L67 C48
ER: Prologue & Concl. [pp. 1-6, 296-307].

Additional References:

Karl, Rebecca, ed. (with Peter Zarrow) Rethinking the 1898 Reform Period: Political Change in Late Imperial China (Harvard 2002)
Schwartz, Benjamin In Search of Wealth and Power: Yen Fu and the West (Harvard, , 1964).
Huang, Philip Liang Ch'i-ch'ao and Modern Chinese Liberalism (Washington, 1972).

13. Nov. 27 Late Qing Reform Movement: Official Reforms

Discussion Readings:

Bays, Daniel China Enters the Twentieth Century: Chang Chih-tung and the Issues of a New Age, 1895-1904 (Michigan, 1978). [pp. 1-130, 163-220].
GLR: DS 764 .B34 1978
ER: Intro. & Concl. [pp. 1-6, 215-220].
MacKinnon, Stephen Power and Politics in Late Imperial China: Yuan Shikai in Beijing and Tianjin, 1905-1908 (California, 1980). [pp. 1-179, 213-224].
GLR: DS 777.15 .Y83 M33
ER: Intro. & Concl. [pp. 1-11, 213-224].
Reynolds, Douglas China 1898-1912: The Xinzheng Revolution and Japan (Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard, 1993). [pp. xvi-14, 39-73, 107-160, 179-197].
GLR: DS 761 .R47 1993
ER: Concl. [pp. 193-197].
Goldman, Merle "Restarting Chinese History," in American Historical Review (February 2000), pp. 153-164.
GLP; Copy also in HD; ER: entire [pp. 153-164].

Additional References:

Ayers, William Chang Chih-tung and Educational Reform in China (Harvard, 1971).
DesForges, Roger V. Hsi-liang and the Chinese Revolution (Yale, 1973).
Cohen, Paul Between Tradition and Modernity: Wang T'ao and Reform in Late Ch'ing China (Harvard, 1974).
Powell, Ralph The Rise of Chinese Military Power, 1895-1912 (Princeton, 1955).

14. Dec. 4 The Rise of a Public Sphere in Late Qing China

FINAL PAPER DUE

Discussion Readings:

Rankin, Mary Elite Activism and Political Transformation in China, Zhejiang Province, 1865-1911 (Stanford, 1986). [pp. 1-33, 75-169, 241-309].
GLR: HN 740 .C44 R36 1986
ER: Intro. [pp. 1-33].
Rowe, William T. "The Public Sphere in Modern China" (review article), in Modern China (July 1990). [pp. 309-329].
IC; copy also in HD; ER: entire [pp. 309-329].
Wakeman, Frederic "The Civil Society and Public Sphere Debate: Western Reflections on Chinese Political Culture," in Modern China (April 1993). [pp. 108-138].
IC; copy also in HD
Rowe, William T. "The Problem of "Civil Society" in Late Imperial China," in Modern China (April 1993). [pp. 139-157].
IC; copy also in HD
Huang, Philip "'Public Sphere/Civil Society' in China?: The Third Realm between State and Society," in Modern China (April 1993). [pp. 216-240].
IC; copy also in HD; ER: entire [pp. 216-240].
Judge, Joan Print and Politics: "Shibao" and the Culture of Reform in Late Qing China (Stanford, 1996). [pp. 1-13, 32-99,143-160,198-204).
GLR: PN 5369 .S483 S545 1996
ER: Intro. & Ch. 3 [pp. 1-13, 54-75].

Additional References:

Rowe, William T. Hankow: Commerce and Society in a Chinese City, 1776-1889 (Stanford, 1984).
Rowe, William T. Hankow: Conflict and Community in a Chinese City, 1796-1895 (Stanford, 1989).

History 295 Readings Seminar: Late Imperial China

Fall 2002

Course Overview

Course Requirements

Class Schedule

1. Sept. 4 Introduction to Class

2. Sept. 11 Late Imperial Government: The Qing State

Discussion Readings:

Additional References:

3. Sept. 18 Late Imperial Society: The Structure of Elite Power

Discussion Readings:

Additional References:

4. Sept. 25 Late Imperial Society: Women

Discussion Readings:

Additional References:

5. Oct. 2 Religious Sects, Secret Societies, and Peasant Rebellion

Discussion Readings:

Additional References:

6. Oct. 9 Encounters with the West and the "Tribute System"

Discussion Readings:

7. Oct. 16 Conflict with the West: the Opium War

Discussion Readings:

Additional References:

8. Oct. 23 The Taiping Rebellion and its Social Effects

Discussion Readings:

Additional References:

9. Oct. 30 Self-Strenthening and the Problem of Regionalism

Discussion Readings:

Additional References:

10. Nov. 6 Imperialism and the Problem of China's China's Development

Discussion Readings:

Additional References:

11. Nov. 13 Anti-Foreignism and the Boxer Uprising

Discussion Readings:

Additional References:

12. Nov. 20 Late Qing Reform Movement: Intellectual Transition

Discussion Readings:

Additional References:

13. Nov. 27 Late Qing Reform Movement: Official Reforms

Discussion Readings:

Additional References:

14. Dec. 4 The Rise of a Public Sphere in Late Qing China

Discussion Readings:

Additional References:

History 295
Readings Seminar: Late Imperial China