Catheeja Ismail

RAD 195  Lec #10

Key Concepts	Pathologies	Scenarios	Tests	Sonograms
			In-class Orals

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Key Concepts

• What makes one suspect that there is diffuse rather than focal disease present? Do lab values help? Does patient/family history help?
• What other organs/systems must also be assessed in the presence of each particular diffuse disease?
• Name two etiologies of cirrhosis.
• What is the sonographic appearance of early v. late stage cirrhosis?  What is the upper limit of normal measurement of the portal vein? How is color Doppler utilized in the assessment of this disease? Why is spectral Doppler also used? What characteristic patient signs/symptoms are associated with cirrhosis?  List collateral pathways for blood flow in the context of portal hypertension.
• What is the treatment for cirrhosis? Is the liver curable?
• What is the sonographic appearance of glycogen storage disease? The differential diagnosis? The etiology?
• The list of diseases that can cause medical renal disease is extensive! Please name a few etiologies of medical renal disease.
• What is the sonographic assessment of renal parenchymal disease? How is this different today from what it was a decade or two ago? (Hint: relative echogenicity).
• What is the distinct sonographic appearance of medullary nephrocalcinosis? What other name does this disease have?
• How does cystic fibrosis manifest itself in the abdomen? What is the sonographic appearance of this? How is this disease transmitted? Where does it primarily appear? Who does it affect?
• What lab value is associated with BPH, and how does sonography help in ruling out BPH v. prostate cancer?
• What is the sonographic appearance of BPH? What scan technique is utilized to assess this? Is endorectal scanning essential? What patient complaint might be present with BPH? What treatment may be utilized to relieve this symptom?
• What is the sonographic appearance of histoplasmosis?
• What are the patient signs and symptoms of Cushing's disease? What is the sonographic appearance? What is the differential diagnosis of this sonogram? What sonographic signs can help identify the mass as adrenal in origin?
• What is the sonographic appearance of Grave's disease? What is the differential diagnosis? Is thyroid cancer a likely inclusion in this differential? Why or why not?

Pathologies

• Hepatocellular disease/cirrhosis
• Glycogen storage disease
• Fatty liver
• Medical renal disease
• Medullary sponge kidney
• Nephrocalcinosis
• Renal sinus lipomatosis
• Cystic fibrosis
• Benign prostatic hypertrophy
• Histoplasmosis
• Adrenal hyperplasia (Cushing's )
• Multinodular goiter; Grave's disease

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Scenarios

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Sonograms