Java
Introduced by SUN Microsystems in the mid 1980s, Java has become exceedingly
popular, especially for Web based applications (applets). It combines the
modern ideas of object orientation (like C++) and compilation to a byte
code for truly machine independent execution. An interpreted version of
Java (very much watered down) is Java Script, which can used to activate
web pages.
Excel
Spreadsheets are, of course, an obvious choice for data analysis, but they can also be used effectively to implement some of the classic algorithms from numerical analysis.
Unix
Unix is the operating system for serious computing. Linux is a version of Unix for the PC, now available in several "user friendly" commercial releases. Linux may someday challenge Microsoft Windows' dominance, but even now provides am excellent platform for computing on a PChttp://www.linux.org/, free version of Unix for the PC by Linus Torvalds. http://www.redhat.com/ Red Hat commercial release of Linux. http://www.spssscience.com/ Free version of BSD Unix for the PC. http://www.research.att.com/sw/tools/uwin/ UWIN runs Unix programs under Windows (best on NT). Free educational version. http://cygwin.com/ Cygwin: A Free Win32 Porting Layer for Unix applications based on a Dynamic-Linked Library (DLL) that provides a large subset of the system calls found in common Unix implementations. See also:http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin/usenix-98/cygwin.html Microsoft Windows
- http://www.dewassoc.com/support/index.html DEW Associates: Windows Technical Help
X-Windows
This is the standard GUI for Unix based computing and is standard with Linux, but it is actually operating system independent. Hence you can run an X-windows client under MS Windows.http://tnt.microimages.com/www/html/freestuf/mix/ Free X-Windows server for the PC http://www-jics.cs.utk.edu/TSU/I2UNIX/unix_guide_Apr96/unix_guide_Apr96.html Basic X-windows guide OpenGL
A standard for programmable 3d graphics developed by SGI. Now runs on most Unix/X-windows and is a standard part of Windows.OpenGL is most useful when combined with GLUT, a programming toolkit for writing device independent OpenGL programs.http://www.opengl.org/ OpenGL home page. http://reality.sgi.com/opengl/ SGI OpenGL page. http://reality.sgi.com/opengl/glut3/glut3.html GLUT is a programming toolkit for writing device independent OpenGL programs. http://sound.media.mit.edu/~rago/classes/mas864/project1/openglball/opengl.html Demonstration of OpenGL for Windows environment. Utilities
- http://web.mit.edu/network/pgp.html Pretty good privacy. Encryption software (MIT ). Free.
- http://hep1.physics.wayne.edu/info/ssh/node1.html Secure Shell. Telnet with encrypted password protection
- http://www.helpdesk.gwu.edu/helpdesk/software/download.html Teraterm (secure shell client for the PC) Free to GWU students and faculty.
- http://www.helpdesk.gwu.edu/helpdesk/software/download.html WS-FTP. Nice Windows GUI FTP utility. Free for GWU students and faculty. Windows has a rudimentary FTP built-in.
- http://www.winzip.com/ Win ZIP (Shareware). An older free program (DOS based) alternative is pkunzip.exe: try http://www.cbnet.ns.ca/cbnet/share/pkunzip.html
- http://www.helpdesk.gwu.edu/helpdesk/software/sophos/index.html Sophus anti virus free for GWU students and faculty.
- http://www.fsf.org/ GNU Emacs home.
- http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html NT Emacs. Works in Windows 9x, 2000 too. (free). http://w3.trib.com/~ccurley/emacs.html How to Install NT Emacs.
- http://www.gnu.org/software/ispell/ispell.html Ispell Unix spelling utility for windows free.
- http://www.gwu.edu/~math/computers.htm Math Department Computers page (a little out of date)
TeX, the mathematical typesetting language invented by Donald Knuth in the 1970s is another well known markup language (LaTeX is a version of TeX). It is now the standard for mathematical (hard copy) publishing, but is not well suited for the web.
See the article below
HTML/XML
Postscript
Postscript is a "page description language" which really means a programming language for a printer.The Postscript format was designed by Adobe Systems Inc for high end printers for Macintosh computers. Now it is often the format of choice for high quality printed illustrations in scientific publications. Many of the best drawing programs, as well as packages like Matlab and Maple produce postscript output. However, postscript files tend to he huge (hence not popular for the Web) and are prone to compatibility problems. Certain restricted versions of postscript like "encapsulated postscript" are meant to ameliorate some of these problems.http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost Ghostview: a free postscript interpreter. Many good links on postscript. free. http://www.cs.indiana.edu/docproject/programming/postscript/postscript.html First guide to postscript
- http://www.adobe.co.uk/products/acrobat/readstep.html Download the acrobat reader here
- http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/PDFSPEC.PDF The PDF Format reference
Graphing/plotting programs
These programs create graphics from data. In addition to those listed here, programs like maple, Mathematica, MATLAB, and Minitab are good for this.http://www.davidparker.com/ David Parker Graph. Inexpensive 3-dimesional graphing program. http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/ocean_graphics.html Software for Graphics and Data Analysis by S. Baum, Dept. of Oceanography, Texas A&M University. http://www.gnuplot.org/ The standard Unix plotting program, also available for Windows. Free. See also http://www.usf.uni-osnabrueck.de/~breiter/tools/gnuplot/index.en.html http://ls7-www.cs.uni-dortmund.de/html/englisch/servers.html/ Graphics resource list. Drawing and painting programs
The difference between drawing and painting is that drawing uses vector graphics (and tends to create drawings in formats like postscript) where as painting uses raster graphics and tends to produce bit mapped files as output. The "paint" utility that comes with Windows is a good example of a painting program. Many good commercial drawing and painting programs are available, but not mentioned here.
- http://www.xfig.org/ XFIG Drawing Program for X Window System (runs on Unix and Linux). Unfortunately there seems to be no good version for Microsoft Windows!
- http://duke.usask.ca/~macphed/soft/fig/index.html The FIG graphics format. Related to XFig but useful on other platforms too.
- http://www.mayura.com/ Good program for postscript technical drawing for the PC. Good substitute for Xfig on the PC Shareware.
- http://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator/main.html Adobe Illustrator. Versitile drawing program. Commercial but comes in inexpensive academic version for PC or MAC.
- http://www.smartdraw.com/Smartdraw. General drawing program with extensive flowchart ability (Free trial version).
- http://www.simplesystems.org/ImageMagick/ High level program for painting and conversion. Free.
- http://www.gimp.org/ GIMP is similar to image magik. Free.
- http://www.povray.org/ POV (Persistance Of Vision) ray tracing program.High quality and Free.
Graphics file formats
There are many different ways to encode graphics information. All have their strengths and weaknesses. Here is some information about the options.http://www.webopedia.com/Graphics/Graphics_Standards/graphics_file_format.html (Webopedia) http://webware.princeton.edu/howard/slides/future/index.htm Image File Formats List. Center for Innovative Computer Applications http://www.ora.com/centers/gff/gff-faq/index.htm Graphic file format FAQ. http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/~mxr/gfx/ Source on graphics file formats. http://duke.usask.ca/~macphed/soft/fig/index.html The FIG graphics format. VRML (virtual reality)
VRML is the "Virtual Reality Modeling Language". It comes in two versions: VRML 1.0 is a more static model, but simpler to implement. VRML 2.0 is more active but also more complex. In addition to it's obvious use as a gaming language, it may have a future in scientific visualization. Judge for yourself.http://www.web3d.org/vrml/vrml.htm VRML home page. http://www.vruniverse.com/ Many VRML links. http://www.karmanaut.com/cosmo/player/ Cosmo Player. VRML viewer (free) http://gams.nist.gov/MatrixMarket/ NIST Matrix market: VRML plots of matrices.
Mathematics software
These programs each illustrate and compute within the context of a particular mathematical concept (fractals, dynamical systems, classical geometry).http://spanky.triumf.ca/www/fractint/fractint.html Fractint. State of the art fractals (free program for various platforms). http://keck2.umd.edu/dynamics/general_info/smalldyn.html SmallDyn dynamical systems package by Helena Nusse & Jim Yourke. Free windows version. http://www.primenet.com/~lascaux/. Source of "f(z)" for viewing complex functions and "Fields and Operators". http://www.cs.runet.edu/~dana/ca/cellular.html Cellang: the cellular automata programming language (Radford University, VA). http://isetlw.muc.edu/isetlw/default.asp ISETL (Interactive SET Language) an interpreted mathematical programming language closely resembling the language of sets and functions. Geometry construction programs
These programs allow the user to do classic constructions in plane geometry, analytic geometry, ruler and compass constructions, etc. Some support non-Euclidean geometry. All offer Free demonstration versions.
- http://www.cabri.net/Cabri Geometry
- http://www.keypress.com/catalog/products/software/Prod_GSP.html Geometer's sketchpad.
- http://www.cinderella.de/ Interesting implementation uses complex projective coordinates.
Molecule visualization software
Visualization has become an important tool in molecular biology. These can be used to view the databases listed below.http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/vmd/ VMD for visualization of complex bio-molecules. PC version http://www.bmsc.washington.edu/raster3d/raster3d.html Raster 3-D bio-molecule rendering program Online computational tools (server based)
http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/ Integer Sequence Identifier (Bell Labs). http://www.lacim.uqam.ca/pi/ Plouffe's Inverter. This server is a database of more than 201,304,822 mathematical constants. http://www.cecm.sfu.ca/projects/ISC/ISCmain.html Inverse Symbolic Calculator: A set of programs and specialized tables of mathematical constants dedicated to the identification of real numbers. http://psg.cecm.sfu.ca/projects/revenge/client/RevEngClient.html Reverse engineering calculator from Maple. http://www.geom.umn.edu/apps/ Interactive applications (Minnesota Geometry Center). Online computational tools (mostly Java and JavaScript)
http://www.sci.wsu.edu/idea/ Differential Equations . http://amath.colorado.edu/appm/faculty/sherod/classes/Phasor/phase.html Very nice ODE phase portraits (Java applet). http://solar.aie.nl/~geert/java/public/Penrose.html Penrose tiling program (Java applet) by Geert-Jan van Opdorp. Another Penrose Applet by ShuXijang Zeng http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Pines/1684/Penrose.html http://oscar.cacr.caltech.edu/Hrothgar/ Ising model (Java applet). http://www.ies.co.jp/math/java/ Excellent calculus class demos from Japan (Java applets). http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~etheridg/finmath/finan12.pdf Two dimensional cellular automata (Java applet). http://www.math.gatech.edu/~carlen/applets/index.html Advice on writing instructional math applets by Eric Carlen (GA Tech). http://www.ccsf.caltech.edu/~roy/Caustic/index.html Coffee cup caustic. http://tilde-schaller.home.cern.ch/~schaller/complex/CA1d/CA1d.html One dimensional cellular automata (Java Applet). http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/chaos/home.html Billiards and Chaos (Bryn Mawr College).
Computational Math/Statistics
Floating Point Arithmetic
Simulated Annealing/Genetic Algorithms/Artificial Life
e-books & e-journals: